Mud Fever in Horses: Prevention, Early Detection & Effective Care

Mud fever — often referred to as pastern dermatitis — is a frustrating but common skin condition that many horse owners battle, especially during wet weather. While it can range from mild irritation to more serious infections, the good news is that with the right management and early care, mud fever is highly preventable and treatable.

This guide explains what mud fever is, how to spot it early, and the most effective ways to protect and care for your horse.

What Is Mud Fever?

Mud fever is a bacterial skin infection that affects the lower limbs, typically around the pasterns and fetlocks. Horses are most at risk when their legs are repeatedly exposed to mud, moisture and abrasive wet conditions — prime environments for bacteria to multiply.

Common signs include:

• Scabby, crusty patches

• Redness or heat

• Soreness or swelling

• Hair loss or oozing lesions

Left untreated, it can become painful and may limit your horse’s movement — so early action is key.

How to Prevent Mud Fever

Preventing mud fever is all about reducing moisture exposure and protecting the skin. Here are the most effective strategies.

1. Maintain a Dry Environment

Fresh bedding:
Keep the stable clean and dry. Damp bedding softens the skin and makes it easier for bacteria to break through.

Shelter access:
If your horse is turned out, provide a dry area where they can stand during prolonged wet or muddy conditions.

2. Protect the Legs

Turnout boots:
Using protective turnout boots can help shield the skin from constant mud and moisture. Look for breathable designs so you don’t trap heat or sweat against the leg.

For example:
At AG Equestrian, many riders prefer high-cut mud fever boots crafted with ventilated, breathable materials such as Air-Tech neoprene. These boots:

• Provide full coverage of the lower leg and pastern

• Reduce fatigue on tendons and ligaments

• Prevent heat build-up with targeted airflow

• Offer year-round protection for both front and hind legs

Barrier creams:
Applying a suitable barrier cream or ointment forms a protective layer between the skin and moisture, helping to prevent irritation.

3. Daily Grooming & Inspection

Routine checks:
Look over your horse’s legs each day — catching early signs prevents full infections.

Gentle cleaning:
After turnout in muddy conditions, wash the legs with mild antiseptic or antibacterial wash, then dry carefully. Leaving moisture trapped in the hair encourages bacterial growth.

4. Manage Wet Pastures

Improve drainage:
Use gravel, sand or drainage mats in high-traffic gateways and feeding areas to reduce mud build-up.

Rotate turnout fields:
Gives the ground a chance to recover and prevents deep mud from forming.

Caring for a Horse Already Affected by Mud Fever

If mud fever has already appeared, prompt, gentle care is essential. Always consult your vet if you are unsure or the condition worsens.

1. Clean the Area Carefully

Soften & cleanse:
Soak the affected areas in warm water to loosen scabs, then gently clean with a vet-approved antiseptic wash.

Dry completely:
Pat the area dry — moisture left on the skin delays healing.

2. Use Topical Treatments

Antibacterial or antifungal creams:
Your vet may recommend medicated products to clear the infection and soothe irritation.

Moisturising lotions:
Keeping the skin supple reduces cracking and supports healing.

3. Seek Veterinary Guidance

For persistent or severe cases, a vet may prescribe:

• Oral antibiotics

• Anti-inflammatory medication

• Specialised topical treatments

Follow all instructions closely and monitor the area daily.

4. Allow Time to Heal

Limit mud exposure:
Turnout should be controlled to avoid wet, muddy ground while the skin heals.

Monitor your horse’s comfort:
Watch for worsening swelling, increased heat or reluctance to move, and contact your vet if needed.

Final Thoughts

Mud fever can be uncomfortable and sometimes serious, but with proactive management and early treatment, your horse can stay healthy even in the wettest months. A combination of good stable management, protective equipment, and daily checks goes a long way toward preventing problems.

And remember — if you’re unsure or your horse is struggling to recover, your vet is always the best source of guidance.